GLIMPSE OF ARISTOTLE’S LIFE

“Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom.”

Aristotle’s life (384-322AD)

Born in 384 AD in Stagira, which is located at the north eastern coast of the Aegean Sea. He became the greatest intellectual of all time in the entire history of mankind. His father, Nicomachus, was a court physician to King Amyntas 3rd of Macedon. He was indeed born in an affluent family. Firstly, he developed his keen interest in Medicine and Biology. There are little facts known about his personal life and we can analyse his personality and characteristics by his work and his philosophies.
At the age of 17, he joined Plato’s Academy and remained in the Academy for the next 20 years. He had also contributed as a teacher there till 348 AD. After Plato’s Death, he left the Academy because there were some issues of succession in the Academy among the faculties (Speusippus, Plato’s Nephew and Xenocrates).
Aristotle left Athens to Asia Minor and it created interest in him for Natural sciences. There he married his old friend Hippias’s niece (Mukherjee and Ramaswamy2010).
In 343BC, he accepted the offer of Philip of Macedon to tutor the 14-year-old young prince Alexander. After the Death of Alexander’s father in 336 BC, Alexander assumed the crown and Aristotle left Athens once again. He established the school, Lyceum in 335 BC because he was denied an opportunity to head his teacher’s Academy for the second time. Till his death, he dedicated himself to Lyceum where he did research, teaching, and administrative work. Lyceum is informal, where fee registration or any other official process used to take longer duration of time. He takes classes in the morning for its students.
During school, he dedicated his time to study Biology and History. Surprisingly, as compared to his contemporaries, he had the largest collection of personal books and manuscripts. He studied 158 constitutions. For his curiosity and dedication, Plato says sometimes his house is “the house of the reader”. His field of expertise is multidimensional (150 approx). Ironically, only 20 peasant books survived so far. Some of the titles are On Justice, On the poets, On Wealth, Lecture on Political Theory (in eight books), On species and genus, On motion, On Astronomy etc. In this capacity of his multidimensional thinking, he was indeed the father of many disciplines of knowledge. He spent his last year of his life in Chalcis in Euboea. He died in 322 BC at the age of 62 on account of ‘Chronic indigestion rendered acute by overwork’ certified by physician. His some well known theories are: His theory of state says that “State is a natural institution because Man by nature is political and he lives in the society”. In that capacity state is prior to human existence. He says that state’s development is organic and because Man by nature is political his characteristics are evident in the development of state. He is well-known for his work in Politics.
According to him, State is a product of Reason and is a highest association in terms of social value and purpose. He classified the governmental structure and predicted what is the best form of government for the state. Surprisingly, according to him, Democracy is a worst form of government. Based on his assessment of the state, some are pure government like Monarchy, Aristocracy and Polity and some are perverted government like Tyranny, Oligarchy and Democracy. Polity regarded by him is the best form of government.
Aristotle comments On slavery
In Ancient Greece, slavery was prevalent in the society. Aristotle justified slavery but only for domestic purposes. His slavery is not inferiority but is a comfortable situation (Attic Slave).
In the word of Aristotle, “Doing house work is an art, and the master of slave is only master for his slave. Slave is a piece of property”.